The Effects Of Video Game Violence On Human Aggression Essay -- Violen

Throughout a number of recent studies, participants playing violent video games have consistently shown increases in their aggressive behavior, both during and after the gameplay. A study that linked violent video games to child aggression found that in every group they tested, â€Å"Children who were exposed to more video game violence did become more aggressive over time than their peers who had less exposure† (Harding 1). An increase in aggressive behavior after playing violent video games is quite common in most cases, although many gamers would argue that other factors, such as people’s emotions, cause this negative change in behavior. This reveals numerous questions surrounding the effects that video game violence might have on a person. â€Å"Will a high degree of violent content in a video game mean that the frequent user will exhibit a greater degree of aggression and violent towards others in their daily lives?† (Janushewski & Truong 1). †Å"Playing violent video games not only causes an increase in antisocial behavior but also leads to a decrease in prosocial behavior† (Greitemeyer, Osswald 212). â€Å"Aggressive behavior is defined as intentional behavior produced to cause physical harm or humiliation to another person who wishes to avoid the harm (Baron & Richardson, 1994). Social science has come to understand aggression as mainly socially learned (Bandura, 1965; Bandura Ross, & Ross, 1961)† (Ferguson 70). â€Å"Anderson et al. (2010) found that video game violence can cause a significant increase in aggressive behavior in the short run, after playing a game once, and in the long run, after consistently playing† (Rowell 180). Increased behavioral aggression in the short run due to video game violence appears to be inevitable, ... ... 6, 2011, from http://articles.cnn.com/2008-11-03/health/healthmag.violent.video.kids_1_violent-video-video-games-game-genres/2?_s=PM:HEALTH Janushewski, D, Truong, M. (1999). Video games and violence. Socserv.mcmaster.ca. Retrieved April 6, 2011, from . Jeroen, L, M.Sc., J., Bushman, &, A. Konijn. (2006). Rapid communication: The appeal of violent video games to lower educated aggressive adolescent boys from two countries. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 638-641. Rowell, H. (2010). Nailing the coffin shut on doubts that violent video games stimulate aggression: Comments on Anderson et al. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 179-181. Williams, K. (2005). The effects of frustration, violence, and trait hostility after playing a video game. Mass Communication and Society, 12, 291-310.

Madam

Introduction to Roman Society and Culture Erik Gunderson (e. [email  protected] ca) TR10-12; Brennan Hall 200 Of? ce Hours at Lilian Massey 207: M 2-3; TR 9-10; and by appointment Description: Our goal is to become familiar with some of the key events, personalities, and themes of Roman civilization. We will examine in particular those issues that the Romans themselves emphasized as essential aspects of Roman identity. Evaluation: mid-term exam: in-class essay: ? nal examination: Texts: Required: Livy, Livy The Early History of Rome, Books I-V. Penguin) (ISBN: 978-0140448092) Petronius, Satyricon (Penguin) (ISBN: 978-0140444896) Course reader Suggested: Karl Christ, The Romans: An Introduction to Their History and Civilization (California) (ISBN: 0520056345) On-Line: http://antisigma. classics. utoronto. ca/classes/2011-12/cla233_wi2012/ [user: cla233; pass: wi2012] https://portal. utoronto. ca/ [check here in case there are problems with the above] 30% 30% 40% CLA233 Syllabus 1 We ek Date 1 10 Jan 12 Jan 2 17 Jan 19 Jan 3 24 Jan 26 Jan 4 31 Jan 02 Feb 5 07 Feb Theme Introduction Warriors ReadingLivy, History of Rome, Book 1 Livy, History of Rome, Book 1 Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 Plutarch, Life of Aemilius Paulus Ruler and ruled Quintus Cicero, Essay on Running for Consul Plautus, Pseudolus Petronius, Satyricon, â€Å"Dinner with Trimalchio† 09 Feb Mid-term exam 6 14 Feb Speakers 16 Feb Quintilian, Institutes, Book 12 Tacitus, Dialogue on Oratory Reading Week 7 28 Feb 01 Mar Members of a family 8 06 Mar 08 Mar 9 13 Mar Social performers 15 Mar In-class paper 10 20 Mar 22 Mar 11 27 Mar Polytheists 29 Mar 12 03 Apr 05 Apr Conclusion Seneca, Moral Letters, Book 1 Suetonius, Life of Nero Livy 39. -19; Apuleius, Golden Ass, Book 11 Lucretius 1. 1-158; Plautus, Amphytruo, prologue Lucian, Alexander Sample declamations; Petronius, â€Å"Puteoli† + â€Å"Eumolpus† Cicero, Letters to his Friends, Books 14 & 16 Taci tus, Annales 13. 1-30; 14. 1-28 Plautus, Aulularia Pliny, Letters, Book 3 CLA233 Syllabus 2 Administrative notes: 1. If any member of the class is obliged to miss a test for reasons beyond his/her control, there will be no make-up exam, and the weight of the exam in question will be transferred to the next comparable element of the course requirements.Only illness, serious personal af? iction, religious obligation, and unforeseeable duties of family care will be considered good reasons for missing a test. Satisfactory evidence must be provided. If such evidence is not provided, the exam will be given zero as its score. 2. The instructor is happy to see individual members of the class to discuss any aspect of the course. But please note that this does not mean that the instructor will give private tuition to individuals.In particular, he cannot be expected to give tuition that merely repeats material covered in regular class time. Instruction is given in the classroom only. During th e of? ce hours indicated above members of the class should feel free to drop by the instructor’s of? ce without any need to make an appointment. If, however, these hours do not suit your timetable, please see the instructor at the end of class, or get in touch by telephone or email, to make an appointment at a time that suits both parties. . Members of the class are free to consult the instructor by e-mail where this is appropriate, but are asked to keep this to a minimum. Matters that need only a few moments' attention can be dispensed with more conveniently in a direct personal exchange at the end of a class. Members of the class should need no reminding that e-mail requests for individual tuition in the form of, for example, detailed questions on texts discussed in a class which a given individual did not attend will not be granted. 4.In cases of academic misconduct the instructor will assume that all members of the class are familiar with the Faculty’s codes of beh avior on academic matters and student conduct. See The Faculty of Arts and Science Calendar (http://www. artsandscience. utoronto. ca/ofr/ calendar/rules. htm#behaviour). If you are unfamiliar with these codes and the binding de? nitions of terms such as plagiarism, you are expected to become acquainted with them before submitting any work for this course. CLA233 Syllabus 3

Bham civil rights

MAGMA It was coldest November day when my friend and I went to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. Coming here brought back a lot of memories because feel like Civil Rights was the majority of what we studied in grade school. From the minute I parked I saw the 16th SST Baptist Church that was bombed many years ago. I remember taking field trips there when was a child. Walking through the building was like taking a journey through Birmingham contributions to the Civil Rights Movement and human rights struggles.The most familiar part of the institute was going past Martin Luther King Jar. ‘s exhibit. I always enjoyed hearing his speeches because he has so much passion when he spoke. He actually helped me out in my speech class my freshman year. Another section remembered studying in grade school was the displays of segregation. There were separate bathrooms and water fountains and they depicted how the ‘White† bathrooms were spotless and the â€Å"black† bat hrooms were run down and dirty.And who can forget Rosa Parks and ere decision to stay put in her seat, ignoring the bus driver, James Blake, on December 1, 1955. Overall, I enjoyed my visit to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. I thought it was going to be a walk in, look at stuff and leave type of thing but it truly brought back many memories from grammar school and what we studied then. I would encourage anyone who has not been to the Civil Rights Institute to go and see for themselves how interesting and heartfelt it is to see the past of our city, Birmingham, and what has become of it now. Birmingham has come a long way.

Discipline in School

Discipline is very important in a civilized life. Discipline can be defined as control over one's desires and obedient' to codes of behavior. If there is no discipline, there is confusion everywhere. Discipline is of great importance in school and at home. If there is no discipline in schools, it is not possible to imp education effectively. It is necessary to maintain law an order in the society. There should be discipline at home also. Children must be taught self-control. Parents themselves should keep discipline. Children should be taught the value discipline in childhood.A country cannot face extern wars if its armed forces are not disciplined . Unfortunately, there are not much discipline today schools, colleges and government offices. That is w India is facing many problems . Discipline is necessary for people in all walks folia Students studying in schools and colleges, Define personnel, industrial workers – all must have disciple Only then a nation can progress| A stu dent needs to be very punctual to his routine. He should be very regular and sincere to his studies. He should be hard working.He should always be ready and active in various other extracurricular activities. He should remain active and smart. He should learn how to face difficult situations and how to win over them. A student is the future of the country. It is he who has to take the responsibility of the country. He should be healthy and fit. Physical education is as important for students as to be studious and sincere at studies. A student should always be in good health and fitness. For this he should get up early in the morning. He should take exercise daily. He should play game of his choice daily.It is well known that a healthy body has a healthy mind. He is mind will be strong and sharp only when he is physically strong, fit and healthy. The biggest task of a student is to study. A student should be very devoted and sincere to his studies. He should be very punctual. He shou ld know the importance of time. He should regularly do his home work. He should have an urge to learn new things. He should have respect for his teachers and elders. He should be very cooperative with his friends. He should help the needy. Discipline demands self-control and dedication.One who cannot control himself cannot control others. He has to dedicate his individuality in the larger interest of society. Discipline is a virtue. It needs to be cultivated from early childhood. It cannot be developed overnight. It takes time and requires patience. When discipline is enforced, it fails to bring the desired result. True essence of discipline is lost when it is enforced . Student life is the formation period of life. The foundation of adulthood is laid down during the time. The man grows with the habits and manners acquired at that time. These things hardly change.So a student should be much disciplined in his student life. One who is disciplined raises high in life. Life of great me n is examples of discipline. The great men have made mark in their lives, because they strictly follow their goals with all the earnestness and sincerity. So, we should try to be disciplined from the early stage of life. Both at school and at home they should be made to follow the rules of discipline. Parents, teachers and elders have significant role to play. A student should always learn good habits. This will lead to the formation of a good society and nation as well. |

High Strangeness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High Strangeness - Research Paper Example Blocks used for construction of these pyramids were obtained from quarries by use tools made of copper and stones; in fact, this has been identified through examples concerning each stage of block extraction regarding existing ancient quarries. On the other hand, granite was applied in thumping the stones of dolerite; in fact, some of these stones were discovered in these quarries (ScienceDaily, 1). Furthermore, transportation of these blocks to location where the pyramids were contracted involved use of barges and wooden sleds from the local and remote quarries. There are no wheels applied during the process of building these pyramids; in fact, this invention would not have been of any help since they were transporting a heavy load on a soft ground; therefore, this involved manual dragging of sleds and they would be assisted beasts of burdens. Furthermore, there were lubricants poured upon the roads, thereby reducing the friction while moving their loads. The process of building the se pyramids commenced in 2700 B.C, whereby they were constructed as a way of extending royalty for other thousands years, up to 1700 B.C (ScienceDaily, 1). ... building of great pyramids has been done by numerous people; in fact, some people contend that they were constructed through a possession of technology, which was lost though ages. So therefore, this indicates that creation of this pyramids was a complicated process; for instance, there are contentions that these pyramids might have been built by twenty thousand to thirty thousand laborers in order to complete Great Pyramid at Giza, which took approximately twenty there years to be constructed (ScienceDaily, 1). Construction of pyramids by pharaohs commenced after taking their throne; in fact, the pharaoh focused on establishment of a committee, which entailed a group of people considered as overseers of the construction process, a chief engineer and architect. On the other hand, these pyramids were located at the western side of the Nile, whereby the pharaoh’s soul was believed to have a chance of meeting with the sun disc as it descended prior to continuing with the sun in i ts eternal round. Apparently, two deciding factors were applied in determining the location where this pyramid would be built; in fact, these factors included course to the western horizon, the location of the sunset and immediacy to Memphis and this made the central city of ancient Egypt (ScienceDaily, 1). Composition of nucleus among these pyramids included local limestone, which was of finer quality, and this was composed of outer layer of the pyramids; thus, this led to a white sheen that is noticeable from miles away, and there were other capstone, which was usually made of basalt, granite and other hard stones (ScienceDaily, 1). In fact, they were planted with precious metals such as gold and silver, a combination or an alloy of both, thereby causing a shiny reflection during bright sunny

World Vision Advertising Managerial Objectives Essay

World Vision Advertising Managerial Objectives - Essay Example To begin with, World Vision is among the many organizations that provide relief and support to the marginalized or underprivileged members of the society. The company has achieved these objectives bearing in mind the challenges it encounters in its endeavors. Lack of government support is the main challenge that affects the organization. Therefore, donors are the main source of support and funds for the company. It is also difficult for the company to have volunteer employees (see World Vision International 2012). Therefore, the marketing objective should target volunteers, potential donors and other sources of funds. This is only possible through creating awareness in the targets about the company. The management should use the benefit of the company being a Christian organization to influence different people for support. People always want to help but lack organizations that they can trust. Therefore, the management should use some of the children that the organization has helped to try to influence potential donors to support its activities. Children and women are the most vulnerable members of the society and the combination of religion and provision of care will attract many parties. To achieve this objective, the company can use a series of advertisement to try to lure supporters and volunteers into the company. The adverts should mainly feature children, which captures the attention of many individuals in the society. The best advert is the one that captures the attention and concern of individuals in the society. World Vision enjoys the benefits of a Christian organization. Christians share the notion that helping those in need is part of their moral obligations. The management should embark on a campaign that targets Christian societies and organizations. This is through enlightening the societies about the mission and vision of the company

Negotiation & cross cultural communication Essay

Negotiation & cross cultural communication - Essay Example It is noteworthy to mention that the company has successfully fulfilled all â€Å"minimum† requirements required by the State. Therefore, to hold the company legally wrong would not be practically possible. The company has a strong case since it has complied with the legal requirements. The question now arises as to the ‘ethical’ obligations of the company in a foreign land- a case that has historically been a complex one. The Chinese negotiator employs a mix of ‘win-win’ and ‘win-lose’ strategies (Fang, 2006). Ultimately, however, the choice of either strategy is dependent of the level of trust prevalent in the situation (Fang, 2006). Therefore, as mentioned earlier, the development of trust between the two parties by the company shall be a deciding factor. In this case, however, it is highly likely that the Chinese farmers shall deploy a competitive negotiation style (as opposed to a co-operative one) due to the presence of foreigners ( the British and Germans running Zhengcheng in this case) (Fang, 2006). High-ranking employees must, therefore, be sent to negotiate with the farmers as a sign of respect and regard to their concerns (Faure, 1998). The individuals dealing with the Chinese must demonstrate significant level of patience and power to take decisions. The negotiating team must include a lawyer who’s thoroughly abreast of Chinese law as well as international best practices. This individual shall also strengthen the link between the foreign party and the Chinese farmers. Furthermore, it would be fruitful to include the company’s Chinese counterparts during the discussion as these shall act to enhance the level of trust between the two parties. Given their native Chinese ‘sense’ they shall be able to understand and respond to the underlying Chinese tricks in a better manner compared to the Westerners (Fang, 2006). Considering the fact that the Chinese tend to have a low level of tr ust for foreign stakes in their land, it would also be useful to include government support for Zhengcheng’s operations during the negotiation process. Towards the end, it is highly desirable to demonstrate to the Chinese that similar contractual agreements have been formerly accepted by other Chinese parties (Fang, 2006). The Chinese are highly risk-averse individuals; hence, by doing so the company would majorly mitigate the risks faced by the Chinese farmers. However, this may not be possible given that it is a first-time situation in this case. The company lawyer, however, may be able to assist in this regard and demonstrate cases of other Western companies reaching similar agreements with the Chinese in the past. The communication process in this case is a complex one since it involves taking into account various cross-cultural dynamics between the parties. The major issue is the ethical concerns by residents of China regarding Zhengcheng Ltd.’s waste disposal mec hanisms that have contaminated the production of lychees. It is in the best interests of the company to deploy significant level of culture-specific communication strategies to deal with the concerns of the Chinese farmers. It is imperative that the Western party engages in pre-negotiation discourse with the Chinese farmer